Pills

Combined Pill:

The combined oral contraceptive pill is usually just called the pill. It contains synthetic (artificial) versions of the female hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which women produce naturally in their ovaries.

A woman can get pregnant if a man’s sperm reaches one of her eggs (ova). Contraception tries to stop this happening by keeping the egg and sperm apart or by stopping egg production. One method of contraception is the combined pill.

The hormones in the pill prevent your ovaries from releasing an egg (ovulating). They also make it difficult for sperm to reach an egg, or for an egg to implant itself in the lining of the womb. The pill is usually taken to prevent pregnancy, but can also be used to treat painful periods, heavy periods, premenstrual syndrome and endometriosis.

The Progestogen-Only Pill:

A woman can get pregnant if a man’s sperm reaches one of her eggs (ova). Contraception tries to stop this happening by keeping the egg and sperm apart or by stopping egg production. One method of contraception is the progestogen-only pill (POP).

It contains the hormone progestogen but doesn't contain oestrogen. You need to take the progestogen-only pill at or around the same time every day.

The progestogen-only pill thickens the mucus in the cervix, which stops sperm reaching an egg. In can also stop ovulation, depending on the type of progestogen-only pill you take.

IUD (Intrauterine Device)

One method of contraception is the intrauterine device, or IUD (sometimes called a coil).

An IUD is a small T-shaped plastic and copper device that’s inserted into your womb (uterus) by a specially trained doctor or nurse. The IUD works by stopping the sperm and egg from surviving in the womb or fallopian tubes. It may also prevent a fertilised egg from implanting in the womb.

The IUD is a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method. This means that once it's in place you don't have to think about it each day or each time you have intercourse. There are several types and sizes of IUD. You can use an IUD whether or not you've had children.

IUS (Intrauterine System)

One method of contraception is the IUS, or intrauterine system (sometimes called the hormonal coil).

An IUS is a small, T-shaped plastic device that is inserted into your womb (uterus) by a specially trained doctor or nurse. The IUS releases a progestogen hormone into the womb. This thickens the mucus from your cervix, making it difficult for sperm to move through and reach an egg. It also thins the womb lining so that it's less likely to accept a fertilised egg. It may also stop ovulation (the release of an egg) in some women.

The IUS is a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method. It works for five years, so you don't have to think about contraception every day or each time you have intercourse.You can use an IUS whether or not you've had children.

Female Sterilisation

One method of contraception is female sterilisation.

Female sterilisation is usually carried out under general anaesthetic but can be carried out under local anaesthetic, depending on the method used. The surgery involves blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes, which link the ovaries to the womb (uterus). This prevents the woman’s eggs from reaching sperm and becoming fertilised. Eggs will still be released from the ovaries as normal, but they will be absorbed naturally into the woman's body.

Natural Family Planning

One method of contraception is natural family planning. Natural family planning is a method that teaches you at what time during the month you can have intercourse without contraception and with a reduced risk of pregnancy.

It works by plotting the times of the month when you’re fertile and when you’re not. You learn how to record fertility signals, such as your body temperature and cervical secretions (fluids, or mucus), to identify when it’s safer to have intercourse. Natural family planning is more effective when more than one fertility signal is monitored.

Its difficult to learn natural family planning from a article. We suggest you consult with specialist to know more